St Andrew is the patron saint of Scotland and has a long history of veneration there. The cult of St Andrew was established on the east coast at Kilrymont by the Pictish kings as early as the eighth century. St Andrew has been celebrated in Scotland for over a thousand years, with feasts being held in his honour as far back as the year 1000 AD. However, it wasn’t until 1320, when Scotland’s independence was declared with the signing of The Declaration of Arbroath, that he officially became Scotland’s patron saint.

Did you know:

1. St Andrew is not just the patron saint of Scotland

He is the patron saint of Greece, Russia, Italy’s Amalfi and Barbados. He’s the patron saint of singers, spinsters, maidens, fishmongers, fishermen, women wanting to be mothers, gout, and sore throats. In addition to other countries. St Andrew is also the patron saint of the Order of the Thistle. This one of the highest ranks of chivalry in the world, second only to the Order of the Garter.

2. He was Jesus’ first disciple

Andrew was a fisherman before he and his brother Simon Peter became two of the 12 disciples of Jesus. Also, he was baptised by John the Baptist and was the first disciple of Jesus.

3. He was crucified on an X-shaped cross

St Andrew was crucified on 30 November 60AD, by order of the Roman governor. He was tied to an X-shaped cross in Greece. This is represented by the white cross on the Scottish flag, the Saltire, since at least 1385.

4. People took pilgrimages to the site of some of his remains

Purported relics of St Andrew, including a tooth, kneecap, arm and finger bone, meant St Andrew’s became a popular medieval pilgrimage site up until the 16th century – when they were destroyed in the Scottish Reformation. In 1870, the Archbishop of Amalfi sent an apparent piece of the saint’s shoulder blade to Scotland, where it has since been stored in St Mary’s Cathedral in Edinburgh.

5. St. Andrew was not Scottish

The patron saint was born in Bethsaida, in Galilee, which is now Israel. His remains were moved 300 years after his death to Constantinople, now Istanbul, by the Emperor Constantine. While he was generally revered in Scotland from around 1,000 AD, he didn’t become its official patron saint. This happened until the signing of the Declaration of Arbroath in 1320.